Stručni članak
Poređenje antropometrijskih karakteristika i telesnog sastava između školske dece i košarkaša istog uzrasta
Milica Sinobad
Institut za anatomiju, Medicinski fakultet, Beograd
Sažetak
Specifične morfološke i funkcionalne karakteristike sportista igraju značajnu ulogu u determinisanju sportskog potencijala pojedinaca i primenjuju se u sportskoj selekciji. Cilj naše studije je bio da se pokaže da li sistematski organizovane sportske aktivnosti kod mlađih kategorija – pionira, kadeta i juniora košarkaša imaju uticaja na antropometrijske karakteristike i telesni sastav u odnosu na njihove vršnjake koji se ne bave organizovanom sportskom aktivnošću. Ispitivanje je obuhvatilo 86 košarkaša iz tri beogradska kluba od 1986. do 1991. godišta koja se takmiče u regionalnoj ligi i 62 dečaka iz više beogradskih osnovnih i srednjih škola. Izmereno im je ukupno 16 antropometrijskih varijabli (telesna visina, telesna masa; dijametri lakta, ručnog zgloba, kolena i skočnog zgloba; obimi nadlakta, podlakta, natkolenice i potkolenice; debljine kožnih nabora nadlakta, podlakta, natkolenice, potkolenice, grudi i trbuha). Iz izmerenih varijabli određene su komponente telesnog sastava (mase koštanog, masnog i mišićnog tkiva) formulama po Mateigki kao i Body Mass Index. Naše istraživanje je pokazalo da postoji značajna razlika između nekih antropometrijskih parametara i parametara telesnog sastava košarkaša pionira, kadeta i juniora i njihovih vršnjaka koji se ne bave organizovanom sportskom aktivnošću. Nađene su značajne razlike u telesnoj visini i količini koštanog tkiva kod sve tri grupe. Kod pionira je prisutna značajno veća količina mišićnog, a kod kadeta niži procenat masnog tkiva, kao i niže vrednosti debljina kožnih nabora grudi i trbuha.
Ključne reči: antropometrija, telesni sastav, košarka, sportska medicina
Comparison of anthropometric variables and body composition among school children and basketball players of the same age
Abstract
Specific morphological and functional characteristics of sportsmen are playing significant role in determinating of sportsmen`s individual potential and can be applied on sportsmen selection. The aim of our study was to investigate if the sistematically organized sport activity in younger categories – pionir, cadet and junior basketball players have great influence on anthropometric characteristics and body composition in comparison to school children age matched who are not involved in sports activities. The survey included 86 basketball players from three belgrade teams including the children from the age of 1986. to 1991. who are competing in local basketball league and 62 boys from several primary and high schools. We have measured 16 anthropometric variables (height, weight; diameters of elbow, hand wrist, knee and anckle joint; skinfolds of brachium, forearm, thigh, calf, mammilar and iliac). From the measured variables we have determinated the components of body composition (mass of osseous, fat and muscle tissues) using the formulas by Mateigki, as well as the Body Mass Index. Our research has shown that there is a significant difference between some anthropometric parameters and parameters of body composition of basketball players (pionirs,cadets and juniors) and persons of the same age who are not involved in organized sports activities. We have found significant differences in height and the mass of the osseous tissue in all three groups. In pionir categorie, there was significantly larger mass of muscle tissue and in cadet categorie, lower percentage of body fat, like the lower values of mammilar and iliac skinfolds.
Key words: anthropometry, body composition, basketball, sports medicine
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